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Al-Jahiz

[ 159 5 / 775 AD - 255 868 / 5 AD ]

Kenana bin Sami. He is Omar bin Bahr. There were conflicting statements about his lineage, as there are those who say that he is the master of Kinana, and the last who consider him authentic attribution to her, and they attribute his lineage to Laith bin Bakr bin Abd Manat bin Khuzaymah al-Qalams. Al-Jahiz has his eyes (because of their protrusion from her pupils) and my nickname is Abu Othman, as he says about himself) I forgot my nickname for three days, so I came to my family, and I said, “Who was my nickname?” They said, “My father is Othman”. age, and his birth was in Basra, and in a poor environment that forced him to earn with his own hands to be able to live and continue acquiring knowledge.He began his studies with the book The Children of Butchers.Then he moved to the mosques of Basra seeking knowledge from the writers and scholars of the mosques, accompanying them to acquire knowledge.And he obtained from them the various types of knowledge of religious sciences To linguistic, literary, eloquence, philosophy, and other sciences of his time. The murid preachers also had a great influence on Al-Jahiz and Al-Mirbad, originally the livestock market, but it became a meeting place for preachers and poets similar to the Okaz market. And he used to rent the shops of the papers and spend the night there to read, with
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that it

He also frequented the councils of writers such as Ibn Wahb and Ibn al-Zayyat, including them

He found with them what he had not found with his sheikhs before, from the very beginning

He was greatly influenced by the Mu’tazila movement, and he studied its sciences and the sciences of the Arabs until he became highly knowledgeable. Here: Al-Jahiz moved to authorship, and his first order was to attribute what he wrote to others in order to gain acceptance among the public, and among those to whom Ibn al-Muqaffa’ was attributed and Sahl ibn Harun, and what he said in this regard I used to compose a book with many meanings, well-arranged, and attribute it to myself, so I did not see the hearing (filtering towards it), nor the wills tayammum towards it, then I would compose what was lower in rank than it, and less useful, and it was dissolved by Abd Allah ibn al-Muqaffa or Sahl ibn Harun, or other than them. The forerunners, whose names became among the compilers, so they turn to her books: and they hasten to copy them, for nothing but their attribution to the forerunners, and because of the envy of the Bedouins of their era, and their rivalry with him for the virtues that he was concerned with constructing.

Al-Jahiz began addressing doctrinal and religious issues and wrote (The Book of the Imamate) and became his disciples and supporters (from the Mu’tazila). Then his fame reached the Caliph Al-Ma’mun, and he asked him to write a letter for him in Abbasiya and protest against it, then he was assigned to him the position of the Office of Messages (which is one of the most important positions of the state) except That Al-Jahiz excused himself from him after three days, and after Al-Ma’mun, he contacted the minister of Al-Mu’tasim, and after him Al-Wathiq Muhammad bin Abd Al-Malik (Ibn Al-Zayyat), who brought him closer to him, which prompted Al-Jahiz to write the Animal Book, and his reward for that was five thousand dinars, and after Al-Mutawakkil received the ruling (after Al-Wath Al-Mutawakkil took revenge on him
The Mu'tazila, including the minister Ibn al-Zayyat, forced al-Jahiz to flee, but he was arrested and handed over to the judge Ibn Abi Dawad, who pardoned him, so he presented him with the book al-Bayan wa al-Tabyeen, and he received a prize of five thousand dinars, and he and his son al-Walid were bound after him. He also contacted Al-Fath bin Khaqan, the minister of Al-Mutawakkil, and gave him some of his books, and the latter used to receive awards for Al-Jahiz from Al-Mutawakkil, who did not bring him close to him due to his bloody character, and he was famous for the story of the woman who brought him to the jeweler to represent Satan to her in his form. He died in 255 AH - 868 AD, and it is said that the cause of his death That his books rained down on him while he was reading, and killed him. Al-Jahiz became a student of the great scholars of his time, such as Abu Ubaidah Muammar bin Al-Muthanna (728-824 AD) and Al-Asma’i (739). -830 CE), Abu Ishaq al-Nazzam (died - 835 CE) and Abu Zaid al-Ansari (died - 830 CE). Then he took from the great translators such as Ibn Al-Batriq and Hanin Ibn

At the end of his life, Al-Jahiz was struck by paralysis, which forced him to return to Basra and retire to his house, where he used to receive visiting scholars and writers.

Isaac and Bukhtishu’, in addition to his study of the effects of previous civilizations such as Indian, Persian and Greek, then his travels to Antioch, Damascus and Egypt, which increased his culture. In addition, Al-Jahiz was born with research and scrutiny, and he considered doubt the basis of scientific research.